This obviously is some kind of homework. Your teacher wants you to do 
something and learn by doing that. We should not override this 
intention. So let's try it this way: you start with something and we 
help you on particular questions.

First you will need a VHDL module with the mentioned ports. In that 
module you will need a array to store the incoming data. And you will 
need two pointers, one for the write position and one for the read 
position. This module will also need a clock to handle the pointers.

Additionally you will need a VHDL module to handle the button and one 
VHDL module to handle the display.

BTW: it would be very neat to have a flag showing that there's data 
stored in the fifo at all. Otherwise you could read the fifo without 
having written data in it...

It's project for end the semester. I'm trying to do it alone, but I have 
some problems and no time to go to the teacher for resolve that 
problems, because I'm working in the middle of week. I did in other 
files connected 2 7-segments displays. That was the easiest part of 
project. In another file I did entity which tries store data, but I 
can't find how to write my vector to variable and then change it again 
for bytes. Unfortunately, I don't have FPGA to test my project. Now I'm 
trying do these pointers, but if I have pointers must I save my last 
positions? I will think how to do it, but it help me a bit. Still I 
can't connect these files. I mean everything works not connected like 
another projects, because I have problem with add it to top entity in my 
main project.

Patryk S. wrote:
> Unfortunately, I don't have FPGA to test my project.
first the whole thing must run properly in simulation. And be happy: 
because the buffer is so small (only 16 words) you will be able to use 
distributed RAM instead of invoking a RAM block.

> Now I'm trying do these pointers, but if I have pointers must I save my
> last positions?
Have a lok at this: 
http://www.lothar-miller.de/s9y/archives/21-FIFO.html
Its German, but when you (try to) understand the (faily simple and 
straight forward) code, then you will get the trick.

Patryk S. wrote:
> * clk on button
Usually a very, very bad idea. This will only work when you have a 
properly debounced button...

Marek wrote:
> The File with the "Quad" Part schould be also in your Project.
Wrong thread? I cannot see any need for a rotary encoder here.

Marek wrote:
> Oder habe ich was falsch verstanden?
Pls. write in English.
Keep in mind EmbDev.net is the English spoken part of 
https://www.mikrocontroller.net/

Patryk S. wrote:
> Still I can't connect these files.
You have problems with the instantiation of one or multiple components 
in a VHDL module?
If so, then read on, otherwise skip to the next post... ;-)

Its the very same like instantiating a module into a test bench (eg. 
like the decoder in the test bench ther in the 
https://embdev.net/topic/465973#5685466)

Afterwards you will have to connect those modules with internal signals. 
There I'm taking a DDFS module and a PWM module and connect them 
together to generate a sine modulated PWM output:
http://www.lothar-miller.de/s9y/archives/57-Sinusausgabe-mit-PWM.html
Its German, but I'm sure you will get the trick...

You help me so much. I understand a bit deutch so I hadn't problem with 
that code. I resolve most of my problems. Now I have one problem with 
simulator. I use altera modelsim and I don't know how to set manualy 
without code specified value. For example I have input A and B and now I 
want set on A 0 and on B 1. How can I do it without write it in code?
EDIT: Ohh okay. I realize how to do it. I can force it. This video help 
me do it. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9rANBbhbSo) Most difficult 
part of coding it for me is change my 1 big file to many small others. I 
changed 2 of my 10 components, but I lost for it a couple hours. I don't 
understand signals in my code. That testbench. I saw that testbench. Can 
I join it outside my project? I tried, but I didn't knew how to pin it 
properly

Patryk S. wrote:
> How can I do it without write it in code?
Don't know that tool. But I never ever did something with that "forcing" 
in a simulator, because simulation is not a real-time story. So there is 
no need for a "button" to force signals to a certain value.

A test bench simply should invoke the possible usual input stimuli to a 
module, and then it should add some "errouneous" input states to check 
how the module handles problems and recovers from them. And because its 
best to have alwas the very same timing throughout test, its best to 
write it in a file to have the very same conditions throughout 
development.

> That testbench. I saw that testbench. Can I join it outside my project?
A test bench is a stimlui file that is not inside the final hardware 
files. It is solely for simulation and invokes the "module under test" 
as a component.
So in HDL development you have 2 "projects":
1. the one that will be synthesized and implemented on on real hardware
and
2. that one for simulation. It is a test bench which includes one or 
more of the modules from the 1. project. You also can have multiple test 
benches e.g. each one for the each sub module (debouncer, encoder, 
decoder, somewhatelse...) and also maybe one "big" test bench for the 
top level module of the design.

Still I have problem with components. How Can I pin it? I will send 
example for my top entity and component which I want to use

1

Library IEEE;

2

USE IEEE.Std_logic_1164.all;

3

use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.ALL;

4

5

entity fifo_memory is

6

  port (

7

    data_in: in std_logic_vector(memory_architecture-1 downto 0); -- data input. Value which will be put into our memory

8

    read_flag: in std_logic; -- read flag

9

    write_flag: in std_logic; -- write flag

10

    clk: in std_logic; -- not sure to use

11

    action_button: in std_logic; -- master button

12

    data_out: out std_logic_vector(memory_architecture-1 downto 0) -- data output. Value which will be throw by our memory. This one will be converted to our 7-seg display

13

  );

14

end fifo_memory;

15

16

architecture Behavioral of fifo_memory is

17

18

  --code

19

  signal f_led_out : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);

20

21

  component bcd_flag is

22

    port (

23

      f_led_out: out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0)

24

    );

25

  end component;

26

  begin

27

  bcd_flag_component: bcd_flag PORT MAP(

28

    f_led_out => f_led_out

29

  );

30

31

32

--code

33

34

  flagBCD: process(read_flag, write_flag)

35

    begin

36

    if (read_flag='1' and write_flag='0') then

37

      f_led_out <= "1001111"; -- I

38

    end if;

39

    if (read_flag='0' and write_flag='1') then

40

      f_led_out <= "0000001"; -- O

41

    end if;

42

    if (read_flag='1' and write_flag='1') then

43

      f_led_out <= "0110000"; -- E

44

    end if;

45

  end process flagBCD;

46

47

end Behavioral;

1

Error (12006): Node instance "bcd_flag_component" instantiates undefined entity "bcd_flag". Ensure that required library paths are specified correctly, define the specified entity, or change the instantiation. If this entity represents Intel FPGA or third-party IP, generate the synthesis files for the IP.

I have problem with this error. I surrender with push it to multpile 
files and I try do it in one, but I can't pin new components

Patryk S. wrote:
> Node instance "bcd_flag_component" instantiates undefined entity
> "bcd_flag".
You must include the module bcd_flag into your project.

I understood error and even I tried to do it in some ways, but I don't 
know how to use component in component. I don't know how to include this 
module. I want to have some variables as component and from other 
component push it to this component. I tried to do it in a new file, but 
I don't know how to do it. Once I ran my program properly, but I 
couldn't simulate my program and I had warning design connected with 
this f_led_out in the console
EDIT: I appreciate some help. I fight with this last 2 days :(
EDIT2: I might say nosense, but I want send data from my 
component/entity called fifo_memory to my component bcd_flag. Something 
like it's written in code. I cut everything what I thought isn't needed 
here. I'm trying cut everything from fifo_memory to another components, 
coz I wanted to do it on multiple files or even in one file, but with 
component. It's required in project

I have last question. How Can I add std_vector to std_vector? I want do 
something like this

1

    d_units <= std_logic_vector((d_value mod 10));

2

    d_tens <= std_logic_vector(((d_value / 10) mod 10));

I create it as std_logic_vector, but I can't assign math operations

Patryk S. wrote:
> I create it as std_logic_vector, but I can't assign math operations
A std_logic_vector is just a bunch of bits, so it is not a good idea to 
perform on it. Does it represent a signed or is it unsigned or even a 
float number? How should the synthesizer know?

You could use the old-fashioned std_logic_arith package to do so, but 
much better is to use the numeric_std package and to cast the 
std_logic_vector to a defined unsigned or signed data type:
http://www.lothar-miller.de/s9y/categories/16-Numeric_Std

> (d_value mod 10)
> ((d_value / 10) mod 10)
A division in hardware is a fairly demanding task. Much more when its 
done in pure logic as you want the synthesizer to do here. What are 
those two results  needed for?

It looks like a Hex to dec converter.
This need a division unit. It is not possible to calculate this in on 
clock cycle or only with an assign.

René D. wrote:
> It is not possible to calculate this in on clock cycle or only with an
> assign.
Depends on the toolchain...  ;-)

See Beitrag "Re: Rechnen mit unsigned vs. signed und einer division" 
(its German, but maybe Google translates it).
But indeed such a combinatorial divider needs a big bunch of logic gates 
and it is slow.

> It looks like a Hex to dec converter
A binary to BCD converter can be done like this:
http://www.lothar-miller.de/s9y/archives/67-Vektor-nach-BCD-kombinatorisch.html
Or this:
http://www.lothar-miller.de/s9y/archives/34-Vektor-nach-BCD.html
Or much better like this:
http://www.lothar-miller.de/s9y/archives/84-Binaer-nach-BCD-mit-1-Takt-pro-Stelle.html