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Forum: Analog Circuits LowPassFilter using OpAmp


von Ahmad K. (aks_2025)


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Hello µC community,
I'm using LTspice to design a low-pass filter using an OpAmp. However, 
I've encountered an issue where the amplitude outputs u1 and u2 are 
equal, despite their intended 10x amplification. The second picture 
illustrates that the frequency response of OpAmp U1 and U2 are not the 
same.
I'm seeking assistance to understand this result better. Any insights or 
explanations would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

von Robert M. (r0bm)


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Both circuits demand a dual power supply. At least the inverting 
amplifier/filter is very easy to modify for single supply by biasing the 
(+)-input of the op amp with Vcc/2.

von Arno M. (morri65)


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The OpAmp needs a negative power supply to be able to process signals 
near GND.

von Ahmad K. (aks_2025)


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Arno M. wrote:
> The OpAmp needs a negative power supply to be able to process signals
> near GND.

thanks for your feedback,
but U1 works right without negative power supply

von Ahmad K. (aks_2025)


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Robert M. wrote:
> Both circuits demand a dual power supply. At least the inverting
> amplifier/filter is very easy to modify for single supply by biasing the
> (+)-input of the op amp with Vcc/2.

thanks for your feedback,

"for single supply by biasing the (+)-input of the op amp with Vcc/2." I 
don't understand what do you mean in this sentence

von Achim M. (minifloat)


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Hi,

see attachment, how it could be done.

br, mf

von Robert M. (r0bm)


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Ahmad K. wrote:
> "for single supply by biasing the (+)-input of the op amp with Vcc/2." I
> don't understand what do you mean in this sentence

That means, with single supply, the (+)-input of the op amp cannot be 
connected directly to GND (= 0 V). You have to apply Vcc/2 (= 7.5 V) 
instead. Don't forget to AC couple the source V1 (and eventually the 
load).

von Ahmad K. (aks_2025)


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Robert M. wrote:
> Ahmad K. wrote:
>> "for single supply by biasing the (+)-input of the op amp with Vcc/2." I
>> don't understand what do you mean in this sentence
>
> That means, with single supply, the (+)-input of the op amp cannot be
> connected directly to GND (= 0 V). You have to apply Vcc/2 (= 7.5 V)
> instead. Don't forget to AC couple the source V1 (and eventually the
> load).

Robert!! Why should i connect half vcc to the non inverting pin..
The circuit works perfectly.

My question is why is difference between frequency response for these 
circuits diagram nevertheless the amplification in output is the same

von Ahmad K. (aks_2025)


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Achim M. wrote:
> Hi,
>
> see attachment, how it could be done.
>
> br, mf

Please bear with me why should I do that the circuit diagram works 
Perfectly

von Robert M. (r0bm)


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Ahmad K. wrote:
> The circuit works perfectly.


Your own plots tell a different story. Gain factors do not match and 
output voltages are completely distorted. That's the exact opposite of 
perfect.

You apply a +/-100 mV peak AC voltage at the input. When the voltage is 
at +100mV peak, the output of the inverting amplifier would have to go 
to -1 V peak. Same thing would have to happen with the non-inverting 
amplifier when the input voltage is at -100 mV peak. That is impossible 
with single supply.

The inverting amplifier has a few additional flaws. The LTC1250 is a low 
1/f noise, zero-drift amplifier. Trying to cancel the effect of bias 
current with R4 doesn't work the same as with other generic op amps. In 
reality you make it worse by using R4 at all.

The op amp has an internal nulling circuit that's using the external 
resistor R2 to close the loop. The loop needs a certain bandwidth (at 
least 7 kHz) to work. You are impeding that by lowering the bandwidth to 
~20 Hz because of C= 820 nF across R2, which in turn results in an 
increase of 1/f noise and offset voltage.

von Lutz V. (lvw)


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Robert M. wrote:
> Ahmad K. wrote:
>> The circuit works perfectly.
>
>
> Your own plots tell a different story. Gain factors do not match and
> output voltages are completely distorted. That's the exact opposite of
> perfect.
>

Yes - a TRAN simulation (time domain) will reveal these distortions.
Note that the ac simulation (frequency domain) is a small signal 
simulation only.

von Ahmad K. (aks_2025)


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Robert M. wrote:
> Ahmad K. wrote:
>> The circuit works perfectly.
>
>

> The inverting amplifier has a few additional flaws. The LTC1250 is a low
> 1/f noise, zero-drift amplifier. Trying to cancel the effect of bias
> current with R4 doesn't work the same as with other generic op amps. In
> reality you make it worse by using R4 at all.
>
> The op amp has an internal nulling circuit that's using the external
> resistor R2 to close the loop. The loop needs a certain bandwidth (at
> least 7 kHz) to work. You are impeding that by lowering the bandwidth to
> ~20 Hz because of C= 820 nF across R2, which in turn results in an
> increase of 1/f noise and offset voltage.

Thanks Robert I got it :-))

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