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How can I restart my shift register?PLS HLP.
Author: Murat ...... (Company: CANKAYA UNIVERSITY) (mirchhh)
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Hi Friends,

I am from Turkey. I take VHDL lessons in my university and I have a term 
project for this lesson.

In this project, I have 2 bit input and four n-bit register 4th register 
is a temporary register and when my two bit input is "00" my n-bit 
registers save their values. then it is "01" R2's value is copied into 
Temp register,then R1's value is copied to R2 register and Temp's value 
is copied into R1 register. when it is "10" same things happen between 
R1 and R3 register and lastly when it is "11" same things happen again 
R2 and R3 registers. I wrote all codes of my project but Some things 
goes wrong because if 2bit input changes when wrong time every register 
lose their values and maybe every register have one value I want to 
restart my shift register when 2 bit input changes. then if I change the 
2 bit input it restart the give enable bits to my registers. I will 
paste my vhdl code below. Please give me some solutions.

I tried to evade from this problem with writing this code:w is 2 bit 
input
Regularstarting is used for the restart the registers enable inputs
rglr:process(w,Clock)
begin
if w(0)'Event and w(0)='1' then
Regularstarting<='1';
elsif w(1)'Event and w(1)='1' then
Regularstarting<='1';
else
Regularstarting<='0';
end if;
end process;
When I simulate this with Xilinx 9.2i there is no problem but if I click 
on the Synthesize then it gives error:(

ERROR:Xst:827 - "C:/VHDL/XilinX/Proje/eightforty.vhd" line 160: Signal 
Regularstarting cannot be synthesized, bad synchronous description.
-->
I developed my code. when my registers swaping then it writes on the 
sevensegment it writes svap when swapping is done then is writes done. 
The data in the bus can be seen with dividing the clock(with changing 
number of bits of countforclk) this code is ready for every thing. I 
have only one problem the values of the registers can be lost if I 
change 2 bit input wrong time to evade this problem I have to restart 
enable inputs of registers

This is my main code:
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;
library work;
use work.comps.all;

---- Uncomment the following library declaration if instantiating
---- any Xilinx primitives in this code.
--library UNISIM;
--use UNISIM.VComponents.all;

entity eightforty is
generic(M:integer: = ;
Port ( Data :in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(M-1 downto 0);
Extern,Resetn : in STD_LOGIC;
Clock : in STD_LOGIC;
Deneme :out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(2 downto 0);
svnsgmnt:out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(0 to 6);
an1,an2,an3,an4:inout STD_LOGIC:='0';
w : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (1 downto 0);
Buswires : inout STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (M-1 downto 0));
end eightforty;

architecture Behavioral of eightforty is
signal R1 :STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(M-1 downto 0):="00001001";
signal R2 :STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(M-1 downto 0):="11111111";
signal R3 :STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(M-1 downto 0):="11000000";
signal Temp :STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(M-1 downto 0):="00000000";
signal Q :STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 downto 1);
signal countforsvn:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(1 downto 0):="00";
signal countforclk:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 downto 0):=(OTHERS=>'0');
signal Clock3hz:STD_LOGIC:='0';
signal Done :STD_LOGIC:='0';
signal Rin,Rout :STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 downto 1):="000";
signal Tempin,Tempout :STD_LOGIC;
signal Regularstarting:STD_LOGIC:='0';
begin

cnt4clk:process(Clock)
begin
if Clock'Event and Clock='1' then
if Resetn='1' then
countforclk<=(OTHERS=>'0');
else
countforclk<=countforclk+1;
end if;
end if;
end process cnt4clk;

Clock3hz<=countforclk(3);

cntr:process(clock)
begin
if Clock'Event and Clock='1' then

countforsvn<=countforsvn+'1';

if countforsvn="00" then
an1<='1';
an2<='0';
an3<='0';
an4<='0';
elsif countforsvn="01" then
an1<='0';
an2<='1';
an3<='0';
an4<='0';
elsif countforsvn="10" then
an1<='0';
an2<='0';
an3<='1';
an4<='0';
elsif countforsvn="11" then
an1<='0';
an2<='0';
an3<='0';
an4<='1';
countforsvn<="00";
end if;

end if;
end process cntr;
writetosvn:process(Clock)
begin
if Done='0' then

if an1='1' then
svnsgmnt<="0100100";
elsif an2='1' then
svnsgmnt<="1100011";
elsif an3='1' then
svnsgmnt<="0001000";
elsif an4='1' then
svnsgmnt<="0011000";
else
svnsgmnt<="0000000";
end if;

elsif Done='1' then

if an1='1' then
svnsgmnt<="1000010";
elsif an2='1' then
svnsgmnt<="1100010";
elsif an3='1' then
svnsgmnt<="1101010";
elsif an4='1' then
svnsgmnt<="0110000";
end if;

end if;
end process writetosvn;


CntrlCrct:CntrlCrt generic map(K=>3)
port map(Regularstarting,Clock3hz,Q);

rglr:process(w,Clock)
begin
if w(0)'Event and w(0)='1' then
Regularstarting<='1';
elsif w(1)'Event and w(1)='1' then
Regularstarting<='1';

else
Regularstarting<='0';
end if;
end process;
selection:process(w,Q)
begin
if w(1)='0' and w(0)='1' and Resetn='0' then


Tempin<=Q(1);
Rout(2)<=Q(1);
Rin(2)<=Q(2);
Rout(1)<=Q(2);
Rin(1)<=Q(3);
Tempout<=Q(3);
Rout(3)<='0';
Rin(3)<='0';




elsif w(1)='1' and w(0)='0' and Resetn='0' then


Tempin<=Q(1);
Rout(3)<=Q(1);
Rin(3)<=Q(2);
Rout(1)<=Q(2);
Rin(1)<=Q(3);
Tempout<=Q(3);
Rout(2)<='0';
Rin(2)<='0';


elsif w(1)='1' and w(0)='1' and Resetn='0' then


Tempin<=Q(1);
Rout(3)<=Q(1);
Rin(3)<=Q(2);
Rout(2)<=Q(2);
Rin(2)<=Q(3);
Tempout<=Q(3);
Rout(1)<='0';
Rin(1)<='0';



else

Rin(1)<=Q(1);
Rout(1)<=Q(1);
Rin(2)<=Q(2);
Rout(2)<=Q(2);
Rin(3)<=Q(3);
Rout(3)<=Q(3);
Tempin<='0';
Tempout<='0';

end if;

end process selection;

Done<=Q(3);
Deneme(2)<=Q(1);
Deneme(1)<=Q(2);
Deneme(0)<=Q(3);

loadtobus:process(Extern,Rout,Tempout,w)

begin
if Extern='1' then
Buswires<=Data;
elsif Rout(1)='1' then
Buswires<=R1;
elsif Rout(2)='1' then
Buswires<=R2;
elsif Rout(3)='1' then
Buswires<=R3;
elsif Tempout='1' then
Buswires<=Temp;
else
Buswires<=(OTHERS=>'Z');
end if;
end process loadtobus;

loadtoregister:process(Rin,Tempin,Clock)
begin
if Rin(1)='1' then
R1<=Buswires;
elsif Rin(2)='1' then
R2<=Buswires;
elsif Rin(3)='1' then
R3<=Buswires;
elsif Tempin='1' then
Temp<=Buswires;
end if;
end process loadtoregister;


--firstdatain:TRIS generic map(N=>M)
-- port map(Data,Extern,Buswires);
--
--register1:registern generic map(N=>M)
-- port map(Buswires,Rin(1),Clock,R1);
--
--register2:registern generic map(N=>M)
-- port map(Buswires,Rin(2),Clock,R2);
--
--register3:registern generic map(N=>M)
-- port map(Buswires,Rin(3),Clock,R3);
--
--registertemp:registern generic map(N=>M)
-- port map(Buswires,Tempin,Clock,Temp);
--
--trist1:TRIS generic map(N=>M)
-- port map(R1,Rout(1),Buswires);
--
--trist2:TRIS generic map(N=>M)
-- port map(R2,Rout(2),Buswires);
--
--trist3:TRIS generic map(N=>M)
-- port map(R3,Rout(3),Buswires);
--
--tristemp:TRIS generic map(N=>M)
-- port map(Temp,Tempout,Buswires);


end Behavioral;

And This my Shift register(3 bit shift register to sends enable Rins and 
Routs)
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

---- Uncomment the following library declaration if instantiating
---- any Xilinx primitives in this code.
--library UNISIM;
--use UNISIM.VComponents.all;

entity CntrlCrt is
generic(K:integer:=4);
Port ( Resetn,Clock: in STD_LOGIC;
Q : inout STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (1 to K):="000");
end CntrlCrt;

architecture Behavioral of CntrlCrt is
signal counter1 :STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(1 downto 0):="00";
signal s:STD_LOGIC:='1';
begin

process(Clock,Resetn)
begin

if Resetn = '1' then
Q<=(OTHERS=>'0');
counter1<="10";
elsif Clock'EVENT and Clock ='1' then

if counter1="10" then
counter1<="00";
s<='1';
else
counter1<=counter1+1;
s<='0';
end if;

shftbits:For i in 1 to K-1 loop
Q(i)<=Q(i+1);
end loop;
Q(K)<=s;

end if;
end process;

end Behavioral;

Everything is wrote by me please do not copy without obtaining 
permission.

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Re: How can I restart my shift register?PLS HLP.
Author: Na sowas (Guest)
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if w(0)'Event and w(0)='1' then
   Regularstarting<='1';
elsif w(1)'Event and w(1)='1' then
   Regularstarting<='1';
else
   Regularstarting<='0';
end if;

Everything you describe must be able to be synthesized in FlipFlops an 
combinatorial logic. So Regularstarting is the output of a FF. But a 
usual FF has only one clock input and one data input. You describe a FF 
that should act on two clocks: w(0) and w(1). This is not 
synthesizeable...

Additionally according to your description your signal Regularstarting 
will only be '1' exactly at the edge of the clocks. Otherwise you say, 
it must be '0'. But a edge of a signal has the time 0 fs. So your singal 
will be always '0'...  :-o

Your code is pretty unreadbale, because there are no indents to see 
blocks of code belonging to each other. Like that:
rocess(Clock,Resetn)
begin
  if Resetn = '1' then
    Q<=(OTHERS=>'0');
    counter1<="10";
  elsif Clock'EVENT and Clock ='1' then

    if counter1="10" then
      counter1<="00";
      s<='1';
    else
      counter1<=counter1+1;
      s<='0';
    end if;

    shftbits:For i in 1 to K-1 loop
      Q(i)<=Q(i+1);
    end loop;
    Q(K)<=s;

  end if;
end process;



BTW:
  if Resetn = '1' then
    Q<=(OTHERS=>'0');
    counter1<="10";

Resetn is the term for a low-actove reset signal. but your reset is 
high-active  :-o

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Re: How can I restart my shift register?PLS HLP.
Author: Murat ...... (Company: CANKAYA UNIVERSITY) (mirchhh)
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Thank you for your helping my friend:) but how can I restart when w 
input signal changes:( if I dont restart the shift register everything 
can be wrong:( I want to send a reset signal only one clock cycle when w 
input changes. I made the Reset input high-active because if I make 
low-active then I have to give 1 to reset signal when I make timing 
simulation. if any mistakes will be occur then I can change it. I will 
implement this circuit on the Xilinx Basys2

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Re: How can I restart my shift register?PLS HLP.
Author: Na sowas (Guest)
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> but how can I restart when w input signal changes:(
First you have to synchronize the w inputs to your system clock. Then 
you can detect falling and rising edges on this signals simply by 
checking transitions. See this example
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

entity edge_detect is
  port (async_sig : in std_logic;
        clk       : in std_logic;
        rise      : out std_logic;
        fall      : out std_logic
       );
end;

architecture RTL of edge_detect is
begin
  process
    variable sr : std_logic_vector (3 downto 0) := "0000";
  begin
    -- the whole design is synchronous to THE ONE AND ONLY SYSTEM CLOCK
    wait until rising_edge(clk); 
    -- detect edges
    rise <= not sr(3) and sr(2);
    fall <= not sr(2) and sr(3);
    -- take the input in the shift register
    sr := sr(2 downto 0) & async_sig;
  end process;
end architecture;

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Re: How can I restart my shift register?PLS HLP.
Author: Murat ...... (Company: CANKAYA UNIVERSITY) (mirchhh)
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Thank you again my friend:)

I wrote this code to ise 9.2i then I simulate it. Then I saw that the 
falling or rising edge detection is coming with some delay.I couldnt 
understand how does this code detect the edges of input signal. What do 
you think about this delay? Does it cause wrong processes or wrong 
swapping?

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Re: How can I restart my shift register?PLS HLP.
Author: Na sowas (Guest)
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> Then I saw that the
> falling or rising edge detection is coming with some delay.
Correct. There are 4 clocks latency due to the shift register.

See the value of the shift register:
time -->   0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10 ...
input      0  0  0  0**1  1  1  1  1  1  1 
sr(0)      0  0  0  0  0  1  1  1  1  1  1   
sr(1)      0  0  0  0  0  0  1  1  1  1  1   
sr(2)      0  0  0  0  0  0  0 *1* 1  1  1   
sr(3)      0  0  0  0  0  0  0 *0* 1  1  1   

** is the rising edge in the input signal.
and 4 clocks later the sr(3) is '0' and sr(2) is '1'.
And this is a rising edge:
    rise <= not sr(3) and sr(2);

> Does it cause wrong processes or wrong swapping?
No, it cauese a slichgt delay on async inputs. In real life this usually 
is no problem: Switches, Keys, Sensors... are so slow that 4 clocks of 
e.g. 50MHz does no harm to the signal.

Every uC does the syncing this way also.

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Re: How can I restart my shift register?PLS HLP.
Author: Murat ...... (Company: CANKAYA UNIVERSITY) (mirchhh)
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Thank you for everything:) I will write some code again. Because w is 
changed by me so it can be change wrong time (for example swapping isnt 
done) if I change w when swappig isnt done then a signal will wait for 
the swapping done:) thank you again. I think this project is completed:)

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