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Hi All, Sorry in advance if this is not the relevant forum I'm developing on a Eurotech ViperLite board Processor : Intel Xscale PXA255 Corss Compiler Toolchain : arm-elf-gcc-3.4.4 Host : Ubuntu 9.04 I'm trying to make a socket programming appilcation and so far, havent managed to build it Compile and Link command: arm-elf-gcc -I/usr/include -o showip showip.c -L/usr/lib -lgcc -lc Errors: incompatible /usr/lib/libc.a when searching for -lc /tmp/ccysaoud.o(.text+0x84): In function `main': : undefined reference to `getaddrinfo' /tmp/ccysaoud.o(.text+0xa0): In function `main': : undefined reference to `gai_strerror' /tmp/ccysaoud.o(.text+0x140): In function `main': : undefined reference to `inet_ntop' /tmp/ccysaoud.o(.text+0x184): In function `main': : undefined reference to `freeaddrinfo' /tmp/ccysaoud.o(.text+0x19c): In function `main': : undefined reference to `stderr' I think its because I'm not linking in the libraries for network programming, but I've tried -L/usr/lib, -L/lib and -L/usr/local/lib. Any other path for the libraries? or anything else I'm missing, Ajay
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I don't know your system, but in similiar cases I use a handmade script lsexposym, which searches in some standard dirs for a given name in libs. It works with find, nm, grep and so on. Call it with the names you search for and it outputs the libs which export the symbols you gave on the command line. By default libs are searched in /usr/lib and /lib and recursively in all sub dirs of the both. On my system it gives:
klaus@a64a:~ > lsexposym getaddrinfo gai_strerror inet_ntop freeaddrinfo stderr Suche nach Symbol getaddrinfo getaddrinfo gefunden in /usr/lib/libc.a: Textsegment (Code): getaddrinfo getaddrinfo gefunden in /usr/lib/libanl.a: Textsegment (Code): getaddrinfo_a getaddrinfo gefunden in /usr/lib/xen/libc.a: Textsegment (Code): getaddrinfo getaddrinfo gefunden in /usr/lib/xen/libanl.a: Textsegment (Code): getaddrinfo_a Suche nach Symbol gai_strerror gai_strerror gefunden in /usr/lib/libc.a: Textsegment (Code): gai_strerror gai_strerror gefunden in /usr/lib/xen/libc.a: Textsegment (Code): gai_strerror Suche nach Symbol inet_ntop inet_ntop gefunden in /usr/lib/libc.a: Textsegment (Code): inet_ntop inet_ntop gefunden in /usr/lib/xen/libc.a: Textsegment (Code): inet_ntop Suche nach Symbol freeaddrinfo freeaddrinfo gefunden in /usr/lib/libc.a: Textsegment (Code): freeaddrinfo freeaddrinfo gefunden in /usr/lib/xen/libc.a: Textsegment (Code): freeaddrinfo Suche nach Symbol stderr stderr gefunden in /usr/lib/libcrypto.a: Textsegment (Code): OPENSSL_stderr stderr gefunden in /usr/lib/libc.a: Data (initialized): _IO_2_1_stderr_ Data (initialized): _IO_stderr Data (initialized): stderr stderr gefunden in /usr/lib/xen/libc.a: Data (initialized): _IO_2_1_stderr_ Data (initialized): _IO_stderr Data (initialized): stderr stderr gefunden in /usr/lib/libdbus-1.a: Textsegment (Code): _dbus_pipe_is_stdout_or_stderr |
Note: - "Suche nach Symbol ..." means "searching for symbol ..." - "... gefunden in ..." means "... found in ..." I append lsexposym so you might search on your Linux if you like. Unfortunately it is commented in german and outputs in german too, but perhaps you might find it useful now or later. ---- My assumption is you use the wrong dirs. On your command line you say "-L/usr/lib". This will use the libs for your running system. For cross compiling you will have the libs to be used in the system you compile for probably not in /usr/lib but in something like /usr/lib/arm... or anywhere else. If the libs for cross compiling are in a dir beneath /usr/lib then lsexposym will find them. If not use "lsexposym -p /some/other/dir getaddrinfo..." to search in /some/other/dir additionally or use "lsexposym -p - -p /some/other/dir getaddrinfo..." to search only in /some/other/dir.
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and not to forget: I assume you use not only the wrong dirs for searching the libs but for searching include files as well. Think about "... /usr/include ..." in your command line.
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I would say that you have provided insufficient information about your toolchain/target. The BSD socket API is part of the GNU C library, but unless your target is running Linux it is unlikely that your toolchain is using that. In fact since you have explicitly linked libc.a, I would say definitely. Most OS-less (or bare metal) GNU cross-compilers use the Newlib C library, which provides only the ISO C library, not POSIX or other OS dependent extensions. In this case you will have to provide a third-party networking library. Also in most cases you do not need to explicitly link libgcc.a or libc.a. By doing so you force a specific version to be linked, which may not be appropriate. The toolchain can select library variants based on the target, the worst possible case is that you link the host libraries! Clifford
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Author:
Andreas Schwarz
(andreas)
(Admin)
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@Klaus: please post long source codes as an attachment, not in the text. Anyway, your script probably wouldn't help Ajay, because it lists all the libraries on the host; he needs a library for the target system of his cross compiler.
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It will help to find the files; it is up to him to think about which of the listed files are for the host system and which are for cross compiling. And yes, I tried to attach the file, but after sending it was not there. So I posted it inline. No problem for me; I still have it here...
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