Hi, I am trying to use the WinARM (WinARM-20070505) for LPC2378. I took the example "C:\WinARM\examples\lpc2378_demo1" and try to add a dummy code to just blink LED's. But, I am getting some linker errors. So to single out the problem, I have only main.c and startup.S and removed all other files from the makefile. Even in the main.c I have removed all the other code and just have a while(1) loop to blink the LED's. With this again the same error happens (as mentioned below). Any suggestions are welcome. -------- begin (mode: ROM_RUN) -------- arm-elf-gcc (GCC) 4.1.2 (WinARM 4/2007) Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Assembling (ARM-only): Startup.S arm-elf-gcc -c -mcpu=arm7tdmi-s -I. -x assembler-with-cpp -DROM_RUN -D__WinARM__ -D__WINARMSUBMDL_LPC2378__ -Wa,-adhlns=Startup.lst,-gdwarf-2 Startup.S -o Startup.o Compiling C: main.c arm-elf-gcc -c -mcpu=arm7tdmi-s -I. -gdwarf-2 -DROM_RUN -D__WinARM__ -D__WINARMSUBMDL_LPC2378__ -Os -Wall -Wcast-align -Wimplicit -Wpointer-arith -Wswitch -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wredundant-decls -Wreturn-type -Wshadow -Wunused -Wa,-adhlns=main.lst -ICommon/inc -Wcast-qual -MD -MP -MF .dep/main.o.d -Wnested-externs -std=gnu99 -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations main.c -o main.o Linking: main.elf arm-elf-gcc -mcpu=arm7tdmi-s -I. -gdwarf-2 -DROM_RUN -D__WinARM__ -D__WINARMSUBMDL_LPC2378__ -Os -Wall -Wcast-align -Wimplicit -Wpointer-arith -Wswitch -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wredundant-decls -Wreturn-type -Wshadow -Wunused -Wa,-adhlns=Startup.lst -ICommon/inc -Wcast-qual -MD -MP -MF .dep/main.elf.d Startup.o main.o --output main.elf -nostartfiles -Wl,-Map=main.map,--cref,--gc-sections -lc -lm -lc -lgcc -T.//LPC2378-ROM.ld c:/winarm/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.2/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld.exe: address 0x700 of main.elf section .stack is not within region RAM collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make.exe: *** [main.elf] Error 1 > Process Exit Code: 2 > Time Taken: 00:01 With best regards, Phani.
There should be something wrong with your link script. Attach your code and link script, then people can help you
Guest
#1320577
Hi, The linker script is attached. Also the main.c, main() is as follows. Still not clear what may be missing. /* "Epsilon" LPC2378 Demo by Martin Thomas, Kaiserslautern, Germany http://www.siwawi.arubi.uni-kl.de/avr_projects/arm_projects Target: LPC2378 Board: Olimex LPC-2378-STK Compiler: GNU arm-elf or arm-eabi toolchain (tested with WinARM 6/06) Partly based on drivers from the NXP LPC23xx & 24xx example-collection available from www.nxp.com. */ #define VERSION_STRING "0.3 beta^2 mthomas, KL, .de" #include "LPC23xx.h" #include "type.h" #include "irq.h" #include "target.h" #include "timer.h" #include "fio.h" #include "uart.h" // LED1 (MCIPWR on Olimex LPC-2378-STK has an indicator LED) #define LED1_FIOPIN FIO0PIN #define LED1_FIOSET FIO0SET #define LED1_FIOCLR FIO0CLR #define LED1_MASK (1UL<<21) #define INBUF_SIZE 0x80 #define UART_NUM 0 #define NEXTLINE "\r\n" #define ENTERKEY '\r' static const char welcome[] = NEXTLINE "Welcome to the WinARM LPC2378 Demo#1 \"Epsilon\"" NEXTLINE; static const char version[] = "Version "VERSION_STRING NEXTLINE; static void time_waste( unsigned int dv ) { volatile unsigned int cnt; for ( cnt=0; cnt<dv ; cnt++ ) { ; } } int main (void) { //Code added by Phani unsigned int u32counter = 0 ; FIO2DIR = 0x000000FF; /* P2.0..7 defined as Outputs */ FIO2CLR = 0x000000FF; /* turn off all the LEDs */ time_waste( 0x00090000 ); FIO2CLR = 0x000000FF; //#ifdef NOT_POSSIBLE_TO_COMPILE while(1) { FIO2CLR = 0x000000FF; FIO2SET = 1 << u32counter; u32counter++; time_waste( 0x00090000 ); if ( u32counter > 8 ) { u32counter = 0; } } //#endif //Till here return 0; }
Startup.S is also needed. i don't know how section .stack is assigned.
Hi, Startup file is attached. With best regards, Phani.
I found where the error comes from:
In your linker script, the lines below hide a mistake:
. = ALIGN(4);
_bss_end_ = . ;
PROVIDE (__bss_end = .);
.stack ALIGN(256) :
{
*(.stack)
*(.STACK)
PROVIDE (_stack = .);
. = ALIGN(4);
} > RAM
I imagine that you want the .stack section to be 256 bytes aligned in
the RAM region, but the line ".stack ALIGN(256)" will set .stack to
address 0x700
, and obviously this address is not within RAM region
You should do like this:
. = ALIGN(4);
_bss_end_ = . ;
PROVIDE (__bss_end = .);
. = ALIGN(256);
.stack :
{
*(.stack)
*(.STACK)
PROVIDE (_stack = .);
. = ALIGN(4);
} > RAM
Guest
#1991285
Hello there, I had the same problem and the solution presented worked just fine. Thanks!