I'm fairly new to this stuff and am having an issues getting my application built for my AT91SAM9261 target. My problem seems to boil down to my desire to compile my application with VFP (armv5te instructions) and that the arm-elf-gcc toolchain that I'm using is built with FPA and therefore will not link with my app. I'm using arm-elf-gcc 4.1.1 that I get in binary form from gnuarm.com. It seems I need to rebuild this toolchain with VFP but all the instructions to do this appear to be for linux and won't work on a windows/cygwin platform. Anyone know of any instructions available for building my toolchain in windows/cygwin or of any existing VFP builds that will link with my application? In case they are of additional value here are the link errors I get: Building target: eCos_Test.exe Invoking: Cygwin C Linker arm-elf-gcc -nostartfiles -nodefaultlibs -nostdlib -static -L"C:\cygwin\opt\ecos\ecos-cvs\cb5\cb5_install\lib" -Ttarget.ld -g -march=armv5te -Wl,-Map,mapfile.txt -mcpu=xscale -o"eCos_Test.exe" ./hello.o /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_udivsi3.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_udivsi3.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_divsi3.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_divsi3.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_umodsi3.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_umodsi3.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_modsi3.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_modsi3.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_dvmd_tls.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_dvmd_tls.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_addsubdf3.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_addsubdf3.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_muldivdf3.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_muldivdf3.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_cmpdf2.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_cmpdf2.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_unorddf2.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_unorddf2.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_fixdfsi.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_fixdfsi.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_truncdfsf2.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_truncdfsf2.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_divdi3.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_divdi3.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_udivdi3.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_udivdi3.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_umoddi3.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_umoddi3.o) /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: ERROR: /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_clz.o) uses FPA instructions, whereas eCos_Test.exe does not /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/../../../../arm-elf/bin/ld: failed to merge target specific data of file /ecos-c/Program Files/GNUARM/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.1/libgcc.a(_clz.o) collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [eCos_Test.exe] Error 1
You are wasting your time for two reasons. 1) The AT91SAM9261 does not have floating point hardware, neither an FPA nor VFP. Currently the only off-the-shelf ARM9 with VFP hardware is the NXP LPC3180. 2) The GNU tool-chain will happily generate VFP instructions you don't need to rebuild it. You do need to rebuild the Newlib library for VFP if you use the C math library. I also recommend re-writing the sqrt() and fsqrt() functions to use the VFP SQRT instructions rather than an algorithm. If you use VFP instructions on a target without VFP, the invalid instruction exception handler invokes the emulator to perform the operation in software. I discussed VFP code generation (mostly with myself) at length in this thread: http://en.mikrocontroller.net/topic/61360 Looking at your log, your problem is not that you need VFP instructions but rather that you need to stop using libraries with FPA instructions (your code uses neither VFP nor FPA instructions). Your build looks a bit messed up - the AT91SAM9261 is not and Xscale device, so why the -mcpu=xscale option? Clifford
This thread: http://en.mikrocontroller.net/topic/126973 discusses a similar problem with a solution (-nostdlibs).
Watch this topic
Disable multi-page viewPlease log in before posting. Registration is free and takes only a minute.
Existing account
Do you have a Google/GoogleMail account? No registration required!
Log in with Google account
Log in with Google account
No account? Register here.