there is a demo in the free rtos folder , named lwIP_Demo_Rowley_ARM7 but when make , the outputs are: -Xlinker -ortosdemo.elf -Xlinker -M -Xlinker -Map=rtosdemo.map d:/_dsetup/arm/winarm/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.0/../../../../arm-elf/l ib/interwork\libc.a(freer.o): In function `_mall oc_trim_r':mallocr.c:(.text+0x48): undefined reference to `_sbrk_r' :mallocr.c:(.text+0x64): undefined reference to `_sbrk_r' :mallocr.c:(.text+0x84): undefined reference to `_sbrk_r' d:/_dsetup/arm/winarm/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.0/../../../../arm-elf/l ib/interwork\libc.a(makebuf.o): In function `__s makebuf':makebuf.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `_fstat_r' :makebuf.c:(.text+0x110): undefined reference to `isatty' d:/_dsetup/arm/winarm/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.0/../../../../arm-elf/l ib/interwork\libc.a(mallocr.o): In function `_ma lloc_r':mallocr.c:(.text+0x40c): undefined reference to `_sbrk_r' :mallocr.c:(.text+0x4b4): undefined reference to `_sbrk_r' d:/_dsetup/arm/winarm/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.0/../../../../arm-elf/l ib/interwork\libc.a(stdio.o): In function `__scl ose':stdio.c:(.text+0x10): undefined reference to `_close_r' d:/_dsetup/arm/winarm/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.0/../../../../arm-elf/l ib/interwork\libc.a(stdio.o): In function `__sse ek':stdio.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `_lseek_r' d:/_dsetup/arm/winarm/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.0/../../../../arm-elf/l ib/interwork\libc.a(stdio.o): In function `__swr ite':stdio.c:(.text+0x94): undefined reference to `_lseek_r' :stdio.c:(.text+0xb8): undefined reference to `_write_r' d:/_dsetup/arm/winarm/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.0/../../../../arm-elf/l ib/interwork\libc.a(stdio.o): In function `__sre ad':stdio.c:(.text+0xe4): undefined reference to `_read_r' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status gmake: *** [rtosdemo.elf] Error 1 It seems the low level functions for the libc.a is not defined , how can it works? Thanks!
hotislandn wrote: > there is a demo in the free rtos folder , named lwIP_Demo_Rowley_ARM7 > but when make , the outputs are: > > -Xlinker -ortosdemo.elf -Xlinker -M -Xlinker -Map=rtosdemo.map > d:/_dsetup/arm/winarm/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.0/../../../../arm-elf/l ib/interwork\libc.a(freer.o): > In function `_mall > oc_trim_r':mallocr.c:(.text+0x48): undefined reference to `_sbrk_r' > :mallocr.c:(.text+0x64): undefined reference to `_sbrk_r' > :mallocr.c:(.text+0x84): undefined reference to `_sbrk_r' >... > > It seems the low level functions for the libc.a is not defined , how can > it works? The newlib (libc) needs interface-functions to the hardware: system calls or syscalls. Please use the search-function of the forum. It's a FAQ. Martin Thomas
Got it.Thanks! Suggest add that syscalls file to this example. Hence there a 7x256-Ek in hand,this example will be tested.
Following on from this thread, I copied over syscalls.c from the AT91SAM7S-BasicUSB example, updated the make file and am struggling with more errors.. The first problem I ran into was: syscalls.c: In function 'my_putc': syscalls.c:21: warning: implicit declaration of function 'AT91F_US_TxReady' syscalls.c:22: warning: implicit declaration of function 'AT91F_US_PutChar' syscalls.c: In function 'my_kbhit': syscalls.c:27: warning: implicit declaration of function 'AT91F_US_RxReady' syscalls.c: In function 'my_getc': syscalls.c:33: warning: implicit declaration of function 'AT91F_US_GetChar' ... and lots of unused parameter warnings (Followed by a link error) syscalls.o: In function `my_putc':syscalls.c:(.text+0x60): undefined reference to `AT91F_US_TxReady' :syscalls.c:(.text+0x74): undefined reference to `AT91F_US_PutChar' syscalls.o: In function `_read_r':syscalls.c:(.text+0xe0): undefined reference to `AT91F_US_RxReady' :syscalls.c:(.text+0x118): undefined reference to `AT91F_US_GetChar' This is because there are two headers "lib_AT91SAM7X256.h" and "ioAT91SAM7X256.h". They are quite similar. Not sure which to use..? lib_AT91SAM7X256.h contains declaration of AT91F_US_TxReady and others - but generates more compile errors when I try and use it, starting off with.. ../FreeRTOS/Source/portable/GCC/ARM7_AT91SAM7S/lib_AT91SAM7X256.h:60:28: error: macro "AT91F_AIC_ConfigureIt" passed 5 arguments, but takes just 4 ..... and opens a new can of worms! When I read this posting: http://en.mikrocontroller.net/topic/67145 I can't help think I missed something. Does anyone have step by step instruction on how to get this to work? Here is a list of resources I used.. Extract from WinARM help (Relevant to AT91): To use functions from stdio (printf et al) in own projects interface-functions for the newlib have to be provided (System Calls/"syscalls", i.e. sbrk, see chapter 11 in doc/libc.pdf). The examples lpc2129_adc_stdio and at91sam7s64_Hello show how the system-calls can be implemented without an additional library (source-files syscalls.c) Much of my confusion stems from having similar header files of differing revisions in the - + Demo directory of FreeRTOS + Example directory in WinARM + Port specific directory of .\FreeRTOS\Source\portable\GCC\ARM7_AT91SAM7S Also a background off IAR EW means I don
> This is because there are two headers "lib_AT91SAM7X256.h" and > "ioAT91SAM7X256.h". They are quite similar. > Not sure which to use..? I have not read the X256 examples so far but from the Atmel-sources I know for the AT91SAM7S64 the ioAT*.h is are the register-defintions for the IAR-compiler. For gcc I use the file AT91*.h. So for AT91SAM7S64 it's AT91SAM7S64.h and not ioAT91SAM7S64.h, it might be similar for the 7X. > lib_AT91SAM7X256.h contains declaration of > AT91F_US_TxReady and others - but generates more compile errors when I > try and use it, starting off with.. The lib*.h-files are different. They define some simple inline-functions to make hardware-access a little easier. Make sure to define the __inline before including this header-file (I use #define __inline static inline). Include the register-definitions before including the lib*.h. From one of the Atmel-examples from the WinARM-collection: #include "AT91SAM7S64.h" #define __inline static inline #include "lib_AT91SAM7S64.h" Try to use the same order with the files for the 7X. I hope that I will receive a board with a SAM7X soon. If I have some time I will provide (ported) examples in the WinARM example-collection for this target. > ../FreeRTOS/Source/portable/GCC/ARM7_AT91SAM7S/lib_AT91SAM7X256.h:60:28: > error: macro "AT91F_AIC_ConfigureIt" passed 5 > arguments, but takes just 4 > > ..... and opens a new can of worms! Try to recompile with the "include-order" mentioned above. > When I read this posting: > http://en.mikrocontroller.net/topic/67145 > I can't help think I missed something. Does anyone have step by step > instruction on how to get this to work? > > Here is a list of resources I used.. > > Extract from WinARM help (Relevant to AT91): Oh, it's not a "help", it's just a small collection of information from which I think that they might be useful or answers to FAQ I've got by e-mail. > To use functions from stdio (printf et al) in own projects > interface-functions for the newlib have to be provided (System > Calls/"syscalls", i.e. sbrk, see chapter 11 in doc/libc.pdf). > The examples lpc2129_adc_stdio and at91sam7s64_Hello show how the > system-calls can be implemented without an additional library > (source-files syscalls.c) > > Much of my confusion stems from having similar header files of differing > revisions in the - > + Demo directory of FreeRTOS > + Example directory in WinARM > + Port specific directory of > .\FreeRTOS\Source\portable\GCC\ARM7_AT91SAM7S Try to use the include files which come with the source first since the developer of the code used them for testing. If it does not work you can try to replace the files with those from the newest Atmel "kit-examples" but you might have to port some code. > Also a background off IAR EW means I don
Thanks, that's got me going again.. I'm in the process of getting the 'common' examples provided with FreeRTOS working using WinARM on the AT91SAM7S64. I am doing this by 'stripping down' the lwIP example and using a WinAVR example style makefile and syscalls.c. Hope to pass it your way depending on how far I get. If anyone (else!) is struggling with this, I can send you what I have so far. My email is: arm@jnewcomb_NoSPHAM_.com I'm using one of these, check out the price of the module, eval kits and JTAG debugger; you can't go far wrong! http://www.propox.com/products/t_137.html Jon.
I've gotten all the errors tha have been presented on this page, and using the advice presented I've been able to get rid of all of them (thanks!) except for one (doh!). My final error is: Linking: .out/ARMUSB.elf arm-elf-gcc -mcpu=arm7tdmi -I. -gdwarf-2 -DROM_RUN -DVECTORS_ROM -O1 -Wall - Wcast-align -Wimplicit -Wpointer-arith -Wswitch -Wredundant-decls -Wreturn-type -Wshadow -Wunused -MD -MP -MF .dep/ARMUSB.elf.d .out/SAM7A3Assembly.o .out/SA M7Ainit.o .out/main.o .out/hid_enumerate.o .out/dbgu.o .out/WinARMsyscalls.o --output .out/ARMUSB.elf -nostartfiles -Wl,-Map=.out/ARMUSB.map,--cref -lc -lm -lc -lgcc -lstdc++ -T../../../../Root/Builds/BuildComps/ArmResources/AT91SAM7A 3-ROM.ld c:/winarm/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.1.0/../../../../arm-elf/lib\libc.a(ex it.o): I n function `exit':exit.c:(.text+0x28): undefined reference to `_exit' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [.out/ARMUSB.elf] Error 1 I noticed in the syscalls.c example provided with the 7SUSB example that the _exit function is in an #ifdef 0. I removed this, but it still made my linker sad, so I put it back. I'm porting example IAR code for the new SAM7A3 eval board over to WinARM. My apologies if this has been answered somewhere else. I did some searching on the forum and wasn't able to find it, but it doesn't mean its not already there. Thanks
I have seen exit in the startup code. Maybe it is expected to be startup
code and therefor the #if 0... but your startup code hasn't this code.
Look for something like that in startup.S or whatever the name of your
startup code is and add the last lines or write a function with _exit.
// ---------------------------- snip -----------------------------
// ##################################################
// Branch on C code main function (with interworking)
// ##################################################
.global main // int main(void)
ldr r0, =main // __main
bx r0
.size _start, . - _start
.endfunc
//
// The function main() should be a closed loop and should not return.
//
.global _reset, reset, exit, abort
.func _reset
_reset:
reset:
exit:
abort:
b . // loop until reset
.size _reset, . - _reset
.endfunc
.end
// ---------------------------- snip -----------------------------
Got it! Thanks Stefan! Now its off to the Gods of Google to find out the compiler flags I need to get gcc to compile a .bin file so I can actually program my eval board :)
Holy mother of god the map file is huge with all the newlib stuff in it! The one from the IAR compiler was 27k, this one is 97k. I know atleast some of that will be because IAR is optimized for Atmel and GCC is not optimized because it has to be used by everyone but damn... I'm still adjusting the makefile to spit out a .bin file instead of .hex, but the IAR's bin file was 3k, and the GCC hex file was 127k. Different between .bin and .hex? I dunno, but 124k is a lot either way.
Couldn't find a way to edit previous posts, so this makes post number 3 in a row, sorry! Figured out how to make the .bin file. Its 45.4K in size... still seems like a lot considerin the IAR one was 3K...
Sounds like we need some code... http://www.jnewcomb.com/share/TheStorySoFar.zip Completely untested on real hardware, but hay, it compiles without any errors under WinARM. Wahay! You will have to check the paths in the makefile. Check out the giff for locations of the FreeRTOS directory in relation to the working directory. One thing that niggles me is the fact that UART routines in the FreeRTOS example dir (ARM7_AT91FR40008_GCC) have lots of 'critical' sections where interrupts are disabled. My syscalls.c seems to just fire stuff at the hardware.. anyone got ideas as to where to go next, I'm all ears. In response to your last question, here is the last part of the build. map file is also in the provided zip file. main.elf : section size addr startup 68 1048576 prog 33848 1048644 .data 2092 2097152 .bss 24428 2099244 .debug_abbrev 3134 0 .debug_info 18327 0 .debug_line 4542 0 .debug_frame 2968 0 .debug_loc 4133 0 .debug_pubnames 1515 0 .debug_aranges 680 0 .debug_str 533 0 .comment 1161 0 Total 97429 PS, if anyone wants to look at the map file and say 'that will NEVER work because ...', you would be doing me a favour. Jon Newcomb.
Hallo, Since some days I own the AT91SAM7X-EK. I want shortly report how to built the FreeRTOS demo "lwIP_Demo_Rowley_ARM7" for this evaluationboard, because I had the same probs like threadopener hotislandn. 1. WinARM-20060606.exe unzip to C:\ 2. FreeRTOSV4.0.3.zip unzip to C:\ 3. Copy directory C:\FreeRTOS\Demo\lwIP_Demo_Rowley_ARM7 to C:\WinARM\examples\FreeRTOS_4_0_2\Demo\lwIP_Demo_Rowley_ARM7 4. Copy file C:\WinARM\examples\at91sam7s64_basicusb\AT91SAM7S-BasicUSB\src\syscalls. c to C:\WinARM\examples\FreeRTOS_4_0_2\Demo\lwIP_Demo_Rowley_ARM7\syscalls.c 5. Edit file C:\WinARM\examples\FreeRTOS_4_0_2\Demo\lwIP_Demo_Rowley_ARM7\syscalls.c : Insert after line "#include "Board.h"" following two lines: #define __inline static inline #include "lib_AT91SAM7X256.h" 6. The macro "AT91F_AIC_ConfigureIt" is defined twice: in AT91SAM7X256.h and in lib_AT91SAM7X256.h One has comment out the complete macrodefinition at the end of the file: C:\WinARM\examples\FreeRTOS_4_0_2\Source\portable\GCC\ARM7_AT91SAM7S\AT9 1SAM7X256.h "#define AT91F_AIC_ConfigureIt( irq_id, priority, src_type, newHandler )" , (14 lines at all) 7. Edit the makefile C:\WinARM\examples\FreeRTOS_4_0_2\Demo\lwIP_Demo_Rowley_ARM7\makefile : The line "syscalls.c" with '\' after port.c has to be inserted: # # Source files that can be built to THUMB mode. # FREERTOS_THUMB_SRC= \ ../../Source/tasks.c \ ../../Source/queue.c \ ../../Source/list.c \ ../../Source/portable/GCC/ARM7_AT91SAM7S/port.c \ syscalls.c 8. call make, rtosdemo.bin will be created. 9. I load the binfile with SAM-BA into the board. Don't forget to execute the script "Boot from flash (GPNVM2). On next power-on the webserver ist running. I tried the steps on a virgin installation. Hope it help's. Many thanks to the others, they helped me a lot. Sven Koop
Sven Koop wrote:
> ...
Thanks for this detailled description.
I might be a good idea to e-mail this to Richard Barry from
FreeRTOS.org. Maybe he will include a "non-IDE" arm-elf version of his
7X-example in the next version of FreeRTOS.
Martin Thomas
Sorry, there was an error in my posting above. The problem is: there is an macro "AT91F_AIC_ConfigureIt" in AT91SAM7X256.h and an function with the same name in lib_AT91SAM7X256.h. I solved the problem in the following way: (replace point 6. in my posting above with following) 6. In C:\WinARM\examples\FreeRTOS_4_0_2\Source\portable\GCC\ARM7_AT91SAM7S\lib _AT91SAM7X256.h the function prototype "AT91F_AIC_ConfigureIt" has to be renamed in "AT91F_AIC_ConfigureItH" (line 55) and the one and only call of this function in line 197 (in function "AT91F_AIC_Open") has to be correct in "AT91F_AIC_ConfigureItH". This workaround works fine for me. I allways compile all files with "make clean" and "make", because the makefile does not watch for all headerfiles. Sven Koop
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